Interview The Difference Between Editing and Proofreading - The Writers For Hire

Meeting: THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN EDITING AND PROOFREADING With customary distributing on the decreaseâ †independently published books spoke to 31 percent of  e-book deals on Amazons Kindle Store in 2014 †a larger number of writers than everâ shoulder the obligation of ensuring their books contain perfect, cleaned, and exact duplicate. That implies, in a perfect world, that theyre employing experts to calibrate their original copies once the composing is finished. The catch is, when individuals request that experts edit or alter their books (or some other sort of duplicate) the customers desires may not coordinate the experts. For certain individuals, altering implies checking spelling and syntax. Others consider it molding the general structure of the original copy. During her most recent meeting on The Price of Business, Wintress Odom of The Writers For Hire discusses mentioning editing and altering administrations and offers tips that customers can use to make sureâ everyone is one a similar page. Snap play to hear the meeting. document.createElement('video'); https://www.thewritersforhire.com/wp-content/transfers/2017/08/7-7-17-Wintress-Odom.mp4

Limits on U.S. Military Involvement in Humanitarian Crises essays

Cutoff points on U.S. Military Involvement in Humanitarian Crises expositions The main role of setting up military of any nation is to guarantee the steadiness of the country in the midst of war. Further to this crucial to safeguard the nation against remote or residential (with guidelines) hostility. Subsequently, the military is there to lead hostile and protective battle tasks as ordered by the hierarchy of leadership. The United States military foundation particularly has a long convention of war battling abilities and history, yet in certain territories it has been called upon to deal with philanthropic missions, for example, peacekeeping, help tasks, framework development and related dependability activities. The 1990s was the main decade in about 50 years in which the U.S. military was sent on missions that included the recreation of governments, framework, and economies in the wake of subduing the bedlam of internecine clashes. (Serafino, 2006) Majority of philanthropic missions include peacekeeping obligations and during a compassionate mediation, the militarys crucial expected to get from the U.S. national security strategy.1 The goal could be to help U.S. interests for the benefit of partners, open worry, to help majority rule government, and so forth. These goals are frequently not quite the same as those of the compassionate activity associations included, particularly those of NGOs and IGOs. (Hinson, 1998) The contribution of the U.S. military in whatever compassionate missions is as yet subject to the National Command Authority. In spite of the fact that the missions are philanthropic and serves a more positive yield as opposed to the common warfighting premise, compassionate missions burdened the ability of the military from what their genuine missions are. As Serafino reports (2006): For well longer than 10 years, a few Members of Congress communicated doubts about U.S. military association in peacekeeping tasks. The Bush Administration at first contradicted such missions and found a way to diminish the dedication o... <!

More on food

More on food I think Im going to be fixating on food for a while, at least until I get used to this eating healthy food BS. So Im going to write about dining at the Institvte. (Ill admit that Im also writing this because I was in lab until 7 tonight yes, on a Friday night and that nice wrinkly organ that sits between my ears is not working so well, so I think Ill let my stomach take over.) First, TechCash. We dont have generic meal plans like most other schools do, but instead have a sort of debit card associated with our student ID. You (or your parents, more commonly) are free to put as much or as little money as desired on the card. This is pretty different from some other places, where students are required to buy x meals per week at the school dining halls. One of my friends at state school succintly describes her schools dining hall food as slop. Mmm. As far as residential dining halls go, there are four: McCormick, Baker, Next, and Simmons, all of which are open Sunday through Thursday for dinner; Pritchett Dining is open for dinner on east campus. Ive only ever been to Next and Simmons, and theyre okay. I mean, theres a pretty wide variety of food offered on any given day, so if you dont like something thats being served, you can eat something else. Both Next and Simmons offer made-to-order stirfry, so you can have it your way without even going to a fast food restaurant. The food in the residential halls isnt cheap, but neither is any kind of food in Boston (the price of food, of course, being one of the hardest things for this transplanted Midwesterner to become accustomed to). Lunch dining halls on campus include Lobdell food court (including a Burger King! Oops, Im on a diet. Including a salad bar!), Stata Dining (eclectic and expensive, but good), and Sub Connection (aka the Biology Building cafe. Because its in the bio building, I eat here more often than Id like to admit. The guy who works there doesnt even ask what I want anymore, he just starts making it when he sees me walk in). For noshing, several cafes take TechCash theres a Starbucks in the Stata Center, and two cafes on the Infinite Corridor, one in lobby 7 and one in building 4. We MIT kids lurve our coffee. A handful of actual restaurants (ie, not run by campus dining) also accept TechCash. Dominos Pizza accepts the card, delivers, and is pizza. (What more do college students want?) Im a big fan of Alpine Bagel in the Student Center they have breakfast food, bagel sandwiches, smoothies, hamburgers, and brick-oven pizza. Annas Taqueria is also in the student center, for those who like la comida mexicana. Lets not forget the humble food trucks. There are nine (?) on and around campus every day, bringing cheap and delicious food in an ice-cream-truck-like vehicle. Types of food offered include Asian, Mexican, Middle Eastern, and pizza(ian). The food trucks arent on the card, but they should be. I treat myself to the Asian food truck near the bio building every Tuesday because their curry chicken makes me happy. Further on the topic of good food not paid for by TechCash, Campusfood.com allows us to order food online and (in many cases) have it delivered to our doors. One can also buy groceries on TechCash at LaVerdes grocery store in the student center (which also sells sandwiches and such from their deli), and at Campus Convenience, the store on the first floor of Macgregor. Many of the dorms, including Macgregor, Random, Bexley, Burton-Conner, EC, Senior House, and Simmons, have kitchens for resident use. Personally, I cook for myself more often than not, because its cheaper and healthier also, I live in a dorm with no dining hall, and when the wind is whipping down dorm row in the winter, the last thing I want to do is leave to go to a dining hall. Hooray for food!

Womens Roles During Wars - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 630 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/05/08 Category History Essay Level High school Topics: Civil War Essay War Essay Did you like this example? The womens roles during the Revolution and Civil War were extremely important to society. They took on many different roles. These roles would be cooking, cleaning, parenting, making clothes, nursing, and even fighting in the war. Women played important roles in both society and in two major wars, the American Revolution and the Civil War. Women were basically the caretakers of this time. They were considered true women. Before the war started women werent allowed to do too much more than they could post-war. They spent most of their time at home taking care of their children, their husbands, and or other soldiers. During the time period of the war it was mandatory for them to house soldiers. Now, we have the right to not quarter them if we do not want to. Women were the base of the soldiers and the families. They were looked at as if they were just masterminds and professional multitaskers. Some of them were even secretly fighting in the Revolutionary War. Women fought secretly in the Civil War because at the time they also werent allowed to join the military. Others were at home taking care of their families and being nurses. The women had to come up with new treatments to help and heal the wounded soldiers. Another job was being a seamstress/maid; the women often made the soldiers clothes during the war. Lastly, there were a few women spies during this time period but they also took on normal jobs to cover their identity. The womens roles during these wars showed how sacrificing they were for their country. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Womens Roles During Wars" essay for you Create order The women in the South, where it is more land, had mainly more working inside their home. This is because the women were working to provide for their house holds most of the time and not for anyone outside of it. They few that were on farms had to milk and feed the animals. Many of the mothers that stayed at home were responsible for teaching the children. The young women had to know the basic jobs of a mother by the age of thirteen during this time. While the young men were most likely getting ready to go off to war. As for the women living in the more rural areas took on the jobs as nurses, seamstresses, and other jobs that were more for the city. They still played an important role because without nurses and the seamstresses the soldiers would have been down bad. Women had no place in the court during the eighteenth century. If women took on situations where they had higher power or equivalent power to men they got into trouble. Getting a divorce was rarely happening when it was it was complicated for the women. Everything that they owned and worked for was legally their husbands even if they were never even there. If women tried to go against their husband in any kind of way whether if its a divorce or they arent playing their role they receive backlash. If the women did anything that went against what they were allowed to do they were possibly sentenced to time depending on the crime. When the women were caught pretending to be men soldiers they served time in prison because during the time it was illegal. In the South the women still often depended on the slaves to do their jobs. Slave women had absolutely no right to work in or for the Union. From birth they were slaves and never got to feel the feeling of being a true woman. Though, this didnt mean that they didnt have to still take care of the males. Many of the women slaves had to pull their weight and the males weight do to the Confederate Army leaving.

The Common Genetic Disorders Cystic Fibrosis - 2762 Words

Cystic fibrosis is one of the most common genetic disorders. Patients with cystic fibrosis have many serious medical conditions and the majority only live to their mid-thirties. I will be looking at many different aspects of the disease such as, phenotypes, genotypes, and inheritance patterns. Also how the disease is diagnosed, treated, and the prognosis of the disease. According to the American Lung Association, â€Å"Cystic fibrosis is the second most life shortening, inherited disorder occurring in childhood in the United States.† The first is sickle cell anemia. The following data was collected by the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation. It is estimated that 30,000 Americans, 3,000 Canadians and 20,000 Europeans have cystic fibrosis. Also that 1 in every 20 Americans are carriers for this defective gene and are unaffected. This means you must receive the defective gene from both of your parents to have cystic fibrosis. Roughly 1 in every 3,700 children that are born here in the United States have this genetic disorder. It occurs equally in both males and females and it is most commonly seen in Caucasians who are of a Northern European descent and least commonly seen in Asian Americans. Up till the 1950’s most individuals with this disease did not live to go to elementary school, but today the average life span of cystic fibrosis patients is around thirty-nine years. The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene is where mutations occur for this disease. The cysticShow MoreRelatedCystic Fibrosis : A Genetic Disorder1462 Words   |  6 PagesCystic Fibrosis (CF) Cystic Fibrosis affects 1 in every 2,500 children at birth. (ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) Cystic Fibrosis, or CF, is a genetic disorder. A genetic disorder is inherited, and is contributed to by both parents. (lung.org) Each parent has one abnormal gene. (lung.org) Cystic Fibrosis is where the body can not make, or it makes an abnormal version of the CFTR protein. CFTR is also known as cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator. There are several symptoms, and causes of Cystic Fibrosis. TheseRead MoreGene Therapy : An Experimental Technique1415 Words   |  6 PagesCharacteristics are passed on to future generations through an organism’s DNA. But what happens when there is a genetic disorder that one would not want to pass on to their offspring? This is where the new technology of gene therapy may be able to help. Gene therapy is an experimental technique that involves altering genes within the body’s cells in order to prevent genetic disorders (Mayo Clinic, 2015). The objective of gene therapy is to edit a defective gene sequence in situ to achieve completeRead MoreA Study On Cystic Fibrosis1246 Words   |  5 PagesCystic Fibrosis Rhonda Abraham Maternal/Child Nursing March 20, 2015 Esha Osborne Cystic Fibrosis It was suggested by Bush (2012) that most of the genetic related diseases are the hardest to cure or have no cure at all. This is due to the fact that the DNA of the individuals cannot be altered easily by modern medicine and even the most innovative medical machines available. One of the diseases which is considered as a genetic disorder is the Cystic Fibrosis, also called as mucoviscidosis. ThisRead MoreCystic Fibrosis : A Life Threatening Genetic Disorder1150 Words   |  5 PagesCystic Fibrosis Cystic Fibrosis or CF is a life threatening genetic disorder that mainly affects the lungs and digestive system. Cystic Fibrosis is most common among the Caucasian population, particularly people of northwestern European descent and is less common in people of African ancestry and is very rare in people of Asian ancestry. According to the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, â€Å"an estimated 30,000 children and adults in the United States (70,000 worldwide) have CF† (Cystic Fibrosis FoundationRead MoreCharacteristics Of Cystic Fibrosis ( Cf )1180 Words   |  5 Pages000 new cases of Cystic Fibrosis (CF) are diagnosed each year in the United States. There are more than 30,000 patients, who are living with cystic fibrosis, in the States. It is a genetic disorder, which produce thick and sticky mucus in the lungs and digestive system. It is one of the most common life-threatening chronic lung disorders among children and young adults. In normal conditions, the mucus helps the body to prevent from the bacterial infection but in cystic fibrosis, the secreted mucusRead MoreWhat Are Cystic Fibrosis?1383 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is cystic fibrosis? Cystic fibrosis is a hereditary disease of the secretory glands that produce mucus and sweat. This is caused by mutations on chromosome 7 and can affects the lungs, pancreas, liver, intestines, sinus and sex organs of the patients. What are the symptoms of CF? The signs of cystic fibrosis varies from person to person. With this disease, some experience the severity of conditions at adolescence while others will not experience any symptoms until adulthood. The most prominentRead MoreCystic Fibrosis : A Common Fatal Recessive Genetic Disease1041 Words   |  5 Pages What is Cystic Fibrosis? Dr. Polit describes Cystic Fibrosis, also referred to as CF, the most common fatal recessive genetic disease among white people. It is a hereditary disorder, also known as mucoviscidosis, which disturbs the lungs, as well as the digestive system, by blockage due to the creation of abnormally thick mucus. According to the U.S. National Library of Medicine, â€Å"This abnormal mucus can clog the airways, leading to severe problems with breathing and bacterial infections inRead MoreCystic Fibrosis Research Paper1000 Words   |  4 PagesCystic Fibrosis Cystic Fibrosis, a very serious inherited genetic disease, is also known as CF and sixty-five roses. This disease affects one in every 3,000 live births. It may first appear in a newborn, but can appear all the way up until a young adult. However, ten percent of most cases are apparent at birth. CF affects the lungs and causes a build-up of abnormally thick mucus which leads to chest infections, and CF also affects the reproductive system. Doctors do not know what causes the mucusRead MoreCystic Fibrosis : An Autosomal Recessive Condition Of The Secretory Gland1410 Words   |  6 PagesThe Disease Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive condition of the secretory glands, which affects roughly 30,000 individuals in the United States alone (Cohen Prince, 2012, p. 509). This chronic genetic disorder of the sweat and mucous glands affects a number of different anatomical structures including the epithelial cells of the respiratory tract, the exocrine pancreas, and the exocrine sweat glands. Cystic fibrosis results in the production of abnormally thick mucus which can detrimentallyRead MoreA Research Study On Cystic Fibrosis1307 Words   |  6 Pages Brief History Cystic Fibrosis was first recognized in 1938, as an individual disease or distinct entity, which basically means that the symptoms were not related to any other illness (Davis, 2006), but there was a common passage in the ‘Almanac of Children’s Songs and Games from Switzerland’, the passage read, ‘the child will soon die who’s brow tastes salty when kissed’, which hinted at the saltiness of the skin of infants who died might relate to Cystic Fibrosis. Autopsies were done in 1838 on

Running Head British Airways †A Marketing Plan Free Essays

British Airways is one airline that has gone through both bright and turbulent times since its founding in 1974.[i]   After thirteen years of government control, British Airways went into privatization in 1987.[ii]   The airline is the surviving entity after merger and consolidations made with British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) and British European Airways Corporation (BEA). We will write a custom essay sample on Running Head: British Airways – A Marketing Plan or any similar topic only for you Order Now Currently it operates about 240 aircrafts servicing 120 destinations throughout the United Kingdom and Europe, Africa, North and South America, the Middle East, Asia and the Pacific.[iii]. British Airways competes with about 42 other British airlines but has maintained leadership in most areas of the aviation industry not only in the United Kingdom but in Europe as well.[iv] Its main competitor is Virgin Atlantic, an airline established by Richard Branson in 1984 and with about 10 per cent market share in terms of kilometers logged as of 2007.[v] As airlines around the world struggle to survive in the midst of the worldwide financial crisis, British Airways vows to target growth and raise its market share while intently addressing its operational concerns towards excellence and financial health. The surging complexity of the market ahead is expected to put the airline industry on the offensive to obviate possible downturns as what happened to the automobile and the investment banking industries during the last quarter of 2008 leading to the global financial turmoil. Reports had it that requests for government bailouts were made in the face of lower demand from car buyers. The airline industry thus, is among those expected and likely to be affected by the crisis due to the expected economic contraction in the aftermath of the financial meltdown. Importance of the Study The study is an attempt at providing a trajectory, focus as well as strategic road map on how British Airways should repackage itself towards upgrading and raising its potentials in a cutthroat aviation industry not merely in the United Kingdom but in the airline’s other service areas around the globe, Europe especially. For a start, British Airways dutifully crafted the BA Business Plan (BP11) which is aimed at focusing on four key priorities arising out of the previous year’s plans. These are:   (1) Upgraded customer experience with its trademark Basics and Brilliance, Club World, First Cabin and similar programs meant to introduce innovative customer come-ons with its plan to acquire long-haul aircrafts as well as counter the negative impact of the operating glitches during the transitions experience at Heathrow Terminals 1, 4 and 5. Incidentally, this was planned to introduce new forms of premium customer experience through increased presence in the European and American markets; (2) Planning for growth in terms of new long haul aircrafts, premium services and added destinations between Europe and the Americas; (3) Continuing need to control costs in the face of tight competition, rising cost of delivering service, fuel and administrative costs. The entity additionally attempts at undertaking a more efficient assets and liability management to reasonably assure itself the advantage of liquidity and solvency under the current economic environment; and, (4) Taking a lead in corporate social responsibility to articulate a social and corporate balance in the conduct of its operations.[vi] A critical component of BP11 is the marketing plan (MP11) which identifies and concentrates on the opportunities available to British Airways worldwide in congruence with its identified key priorities. The marketing plan clearly outlines a road map towards market recovery via excellence in the basics, and ultimately to the deployment of brilliant premium services not available anywhere or in other airlines competing in identical routes. Specifically, the Marketing Plan MP11 cross links with the Business Plan (BP11) with the former as the centrepiece of the airline’s assertive leadership thrusts towards the first half of the 21st century. Just like the Victoria era slogan that the â€Å"sun does not set on the British empire†, British Airways is determined to head for industry prominence after several turbulent encounters with difficult challenges that it had to go through. Apparently brought about by its own weight, its bigness is without the support mechanism it needed to stabilize its moves.   A component of the BP11, the MP11 describes in more detailed fashion how the BP11 will breathe through the heart of the MP11 which is considered the heart of the Business Plan. On the aspect of significance on research, the MP11 serves as the management blue print for strategic decision-making; especially in the area of marketing management under various assumptions, scenarios, alliances and configurations. Strategic marketing management which is contained in this road map MP 11 will enable management to adopt strategies such as cost leadership, attractive premium services, human resource strategies and expanded terminal network in the industry as means to create a demand gap in the long haul travel sector as well as a similar gap in the premium business travel from continental Europe to the premier city of New York in the United States. The experiences of the past years are expected to provide hard lessons for British Airways management towards strategic marketing processes. For the business traveller all over, the MP11 attempts to redefine the concept of basic and premium travel. With the integration of cost advantage expected to ensue along the airline’s objective of operational excellence, airline travellers can reasonably expect these cost rationalization measures to have a positive effect on the pricing competitiveness of British Airways while maintaining the class with which British Airways has been known for. The airline industry, for one, is likewise expected to significantly benefit from this study specifically in the area of collaboration, alliances and economic cooperation without any attempt at abusing the regulatory privilege this union may provide such alliances. Hence, partnerships should be undertaken for the development and maintenance of constructive relationship with other companies in the industry as at work.[vii] In the same way that this will be tempered and enhanced by a strong corporate social responsibility not only in terms of the environmental aspect, it is expected similarly to be strong along the social issues directly and indirectly affected by the industry. The society, in general, and the employees in particular will reap benefits from this study in terms and along the key balanced scorecard perspectives over secure employment tenure, human resource training and performance recognition dimensions incorporated into the business and marketing plans; all considered critical components and means to stabilize the goal of operational excellence with a genuine corporate social responsibility. Primarily, the shareholders are the targets of this study as among the major beneficiaries through which an innovative and unprecedented pricing incorporates real shareholder value and corporate pride enhanced with financial viability through operational excellence.   British Airways aims to show gratitude for continued support and recognition as Britain’s primary carrier. The academe is similarly expected to acquiesce the benefits from this Plan which comes as a result of intensive research and careful study on the travel and industry markets in which British Airways is among the major players. Of equal importance is the fact that British Airways is a corporate organization that is considered an excellent source of academic studies in an industry characterized with great risks, complexities as well as opportunities with huge potentials for learning, and even further researches. [i]   Annual Report, 2007, British Airways, http://www.britishairways.com, accessed December 28, 2008 [ii]   Ibid. http://www.britishairways.com,   [iii]   Ibid, http://www.britishairways.com,   [iv]   Ibid., http://www.britishairways.com,   [v]   Ibid., http://www.britishairways.com,   [vi]   Ibid,   http://www.britishairways.com,p. 34   [vii]   J. Hicks, The Challenge of the New Millenium: winning the Struggle with Ourselves, New Falcon Publications, Arizona, 1997, p. 131.    How to cite Running Head: British Airways – A Marketing Plan, Essays

The Wind and the sparks Review Essay Example

The Wind and the sparks Review Paper Essay on The Wind and the sparks Pekhov I was pleasantly surprised. I began to read it with this tetralogy, which I think is by far the most powerful of his works. Well-researched multi-polar world of sword and magic. The world plunged into war, which begins on the first pages of the first book, and ends on the last pages of the fourth. The magic of this world the lot of favorites, not only every magician is only a specialist in its field which is predetermined by his personal characteristics, and to go beyond that is almost impossible. Several of the main characters, a variety of both his character and origin and status, the classic Country Company: assassin, a student witch, light and dark wizards, a simple guard, Barbarian scout, demonology chelovekolyagushka of wetlands, a strange animal, and so on .d .. Watch the adventures of heroes who continually leave and join again very interesting, Pekhov not for a moment allow us to get bored but the main thing that I was terribly pleased at Pehova -. it is unexpected plot turns, I would say somersault. So tired of reading are good, in general, that the book, which almost from the very first lines it becomes clear that the killer-butler And the plot twists are not far-fetched and even give some authenticity narrative. How do you like it for tens and hundreds of pages we watch one of the main villains, all coming to the next node and the story he once and is killed by random in the general boom. And it does not look like a sort of tricks ears, and quite organically woven into the fabric of the narrative. And this at Pehova not enough. Its nice to read a book that is well written and besides constantly intrigues you. We will write a custom essay sample on The Wind and the sparks Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Wind and the sparks Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Wind and the sparks Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Anyone who loves a good fantasy strongly advise this cycle is very interesting to read.

Discuss the Major Issues Associated With Expatriate Failure and Assess Some Strategies HR Can Formulate and Implement In Order To Increase the Rate of Successful Assignments The WritePass Journal

Discuss the Major Issues Associated With Expatriate Failure and Assess Some Strategies HR Can Formulate and Implement In Order To Increase the Rate of Successful Assignments Introduction Discuss the Major Issues Associated With Expatriate Failure and Assess Some Strategies HR Can Formulate and Implement In Order To Increase the Rate of Successful Assignments IntroductionReasons for expatriate failureWhat can be done to improve expatriate failure rates?Conclusion   BibliographyRelated Introduction The importance of the management of expatriates has grown as the number of multinational companies has increased significantly over the last few decades, therefore increasing the need to be aware of potential problems which could cause high failure rates in expatriate assignments (Anderson,2005). Porter and Tansky (1999) write that an unsuccessful expatriate assignment is very costly for both an organisation and the expatriate themselves. But despite this very few companies have adequate processes for both selecting and training these expatriates. As Harzing (1995: 457) notes, virtually every writer measures expatriate failure as the percentage of expatriates returning home before their assignment contract expires. Brewster (1988) also defines failure as assignments where expatriates were brought home earlier than planned. Brewster and Scullion (1997) say that the fact that corporations have heavy cost pressures has led to the policies for employee movement across countries being loo ked at. They also observe that it is becoming more noticeable that both the social and economic cost of failure in business abroad is more damaging than business done in home countries, especially in terms of market share and damage of customer trust (Zeira and Banai,1984). It is therefore pertinent for academic research to both look at the major issues associated with expatriate failure and why expatriates often fail in their assignments. From reading the literature these can be identified mainly as a lack of thorough selection procedures from employers to identify which managers would be successful on assignments in foreign countries. This can range from not identifying what attributes certain candidates have that would make them more likely to succeed, to not identifying the family situations of potential expatriates which would also be conducive to successful assignments abroad. Once these factors have been identified it is then logical to assess what procedures could be put in place for the company to stop failure of expatriate assignments and how they can identify successful candidates for the roles. This is the format this essay will follow. Reasons for expatriate failure This study will first look at the issues associated with expatriate failure and what reasons and factors there are which lead to this end result. Enderwick and Hodgson (1993) observe that expatriate failure is caused by rash recruitment policies combined with preparation and training which is not thorough enough for the manager. This draws attention to the limited role of HR in the management of expatriates, and Halcrow (1999) also writes that HR are confined to administrative support as opposed to playing any meaningful role in any strategic aspects. It is this lack of attention to detail and impulsive selection practice for expatriates which causes many of the problems. It fails to identify different characteristics and traits which are likely to be conducive to success in expatriate projects. Klaus (1995) notes that in the majority of companies expatriate selection happens quickly and irrationally. Something which is inherent in many international businesses is the fact that their selection procedures for expatriate managers are rather informal and they do not possess thorough enough assessments (Brewster.1991). Mendenhall and Oddou (1985: 39) argue that companies often think that domestic performance success would equal overseas performance success, regarding the managers technical skills as being the most important factor to consider when looking at candidates to select for managing projects abroad. This shows a disregard for identifying the differences which can affect performances in different countries and cultures. The underlying assumption that companies who use this formula is that Managing [a] company is a scientific art. The executive accomplishing the task in New York can surely perform as adequately in Hong Kong (Baker Ivancevich,1971: 40). Therefore a lot of multinational companies tend to send the manager and their family to the foreign countries without any cultural training. And when training is administered it is often far too broad or is not followed up with any reflection on how effective it was (Tung, 1981). Brewster and Scullion (1997) discuss these difficulties that International companies who do actually undertake training and development programmes for expatriates come across. The first of these is that the manager not only has to adjust to a new job but also to an entirely different culture which they are not familiar with (Mendenhall and Oddou, 1985). As well as this, there is the family to consider. Training programmes for families also needs to be addressed as this is considered a major factor behind expatriate failure, and this is often not addressed correctly or at all. There is however, evidence that managers themselves value cultural training an awful lot and see the benefits from this (Brewster and Pickard, 1994). Cross-cultural training has long been proven to enable effective cross cultural assignments, yet still a lot of firms do not utilise this (Black, 1988). Different training and developmental models for these managers working abroad have been worked on over the last decade. These tend to take into account the job and the individual as well as the culture before deciding the amount and type of personal development that is required (Tung, 1981). Mendenhall and Oddou (1986) have developed a ’cross- cultural training approach’, consisting of three varying levels.   Information-giving approaches are those which consist of factual briefings and cultural awareness development. Affective approaches would usually consist of cultural development combined with different scenarios and role plays. Finally, immersion approaches. These are different styles of assessment centres and in the field experience and scenarios. According to this model the style of management training given should take into account on a number of factors dependent   on the project and the manager. These could include the length of stay and the amount of integration required to fit in with the host culture.(Mendenhall and Oddou, 1986) Mendenhall et al. acknowledge there are many personal obstacles which could lead to many expatriates not completing their assignments and being branded a failure. These include factors such as culture shock, differences in work-related norms, isolation, homesickness, differences in health care, housing, schooling, cuisine, and the cost of living, to name but a few (1987: 331). These are all personal characteristics and attributes which would affect expatriate managers morale and ability to do an effective job. Porter and Tansky (1999) write that a high learning orientation is critical for an expatriate manager, this is because they will have continual experiences which are not similar to those they usually experience, and will need to be able to be resilient in the face of different challenges.   Anderson (2005: 567) notes that although in the private sector the selection of expatriates is usually down to their technical competence, with minimal attention being paid to the interper sonal skills and domestic situations of these potential expatriates, that non-government organisations do actually utilise methods such as psychological testing and a variety of methods to ensure that the expatriates family is taken into consideration as well . These methods therefore usually lead to more effective expatriate assignments and less failures, in the next section of this report we will delve deeper into ways in which the likelihood of expatriate success can be increased. What can be done to improve expatriate failure rates? Currently the selection processes for expatriate candidates are not effective enough in predicting which managers will be successful in these assignments. It is necessary to focus on how these can be improved to address the rate of failures among expatriates. Halcrow (1999) has reported that less than two thirds of a survey of HR professionals identified personality as an important consideration when picking expatriate candidates, and 11 percent said it has little or no importance at all to the process. Family issues were also given the lowest of priorities, and 25 percent did not regard them as important. Here then, are the issues that need to be addressed, as can be seen from the previous section whereby these were identified as major factors in the success of expatriate projects. Effective selection, training and placement of expatriate managers is critical to international success argue Nicholson et al. (1990), and therefore the procedures put in place for this need to be effecti ve. Mendenhall et al.(1987: 333) state they have attempted to find the criteria which can predict productivity and acclimatisation in overseas assignments, and that a set of personality factors have been identified by numerous authors. They profess that these are self-orientation, others-orientation and perceptual orientation . Self-orientation includes factors such as how to reduce stress and how managers deal with being alone whilst abroad. Others orientation includes factors such as how good the manager is at forming relationships and their ability to communicate with others. Perceptual orientation includes different factors such as how flexible a person is and how open minded they can be. However, they indicate that US firms still appear to use only technical competence as their criteria for expatriate selection, and this is what needs to change as that is not a great predictor of expatriate manager success. The model proposed by Aycan (1997) also says that factors should be identifi ed which are expected to account for a substantial amount of variance in expatriate adjustment. This is the fit between the expatriate and their environment which leads to less stress and better work productivity. This encompassed psychological, socio cultural and work adjustment. It is also required that organisational support and preparation is necessary. Porter and Tansky write about the possibility of a learning orientation which could be important for both assessment and training for expatriates. They suggest that employees with weaker learning orientation could result in low levels of judgement in challenging foreign circumstances and vice versa. They state that this learning orientation approach could benefit employees and their families and can increase the organisations chance for international success (1999: 48). Porter and Tansky (1999: 50) observe that to eliminate the risk of expatriate failure that more emphasis should be placed on: better identification of employees who are likely to function effectively in different cultures, development activities to enhance functioning in the expatriate role, and systematic analysis of problems during the expatriate assignment. Mendenhall et al (1997) observe the impact upon spouses and families is also not taken into account when selecting managers for expatriation. As can be seen in the previous half of this report, how their family copes with the relocation can impact greatly upon the morale of expatriate managers. Some academics also suggest that the families of expatriates should be assessed on similar criteria to the managers themselves. Stone (1986) observes that failing to identify this problem is the greatest failure in the selection process for expatriates. Therefore one would have to agree that, as the family is seen as a major factor in whether a expatriate manager succeeds or not then they should definitely be taken into account during the selection process. Guptara (1986) has written that there are a number of psychological tests that can be used in the recruitment processes for expatriates to test such psychological traits which could be conducive to successful expatriates, however this does not appear to be commonplace in corporate recruitment processes. Ioannou (1995) discusses the results of a National Foreign Trade Council of New York survey. Here it was shown that a variety companies did not use any form of psychological testing for possible expatriate managers. Tung (1982) finds that it is extremely rare that a company carries out a thorough assessment of a manager who is being considered to work in another part of the company abroad. Porter and Tansky (1999) advocate the application of a learning orientation to help this. They suggest questionnaire responses to show details on a managers beliefs about different traits and if they possess them. As well as task simulations to show if a person has different learning orientation beh aviours. For example who which people will look for new strategies rather than rescind from these strategies when things do not go as planned immediately (1999:52).Here can be seen the discrepancy between academic musings on the topic and that of the practitioners. Writers emphasise soft skills while actual research into company practice indicates an obvious reliance on technical competence for the selection. If this were to change then expatriate projects may achieve a greater success rate. Two major propositions can also be derived from Mendenhall and Oddou (1985) findings. The first would be that expatriate cultural adaptation is a multi dimensional process rather than a one dimensional one. This means that selection procedures of international companies for expatriates should be changed from their present one dimensional focus on technical competence as the most important criteria towards a more multi dimensional one. This should focus therefore focus on personal attributes which may be conducive to success working as an expatriate manager.   Mendenhall and Oddou (1985) also recommend that training which deals with these factors needs putting in place, and which needs to be multi dimensional as opposed to one dimensional. Gudykunst, Hammer, and Wiseman (1977) combined a number of differing development approaches and compared the cultural adaptation abilities of managers who received the integrated training with managers who were the recipients of   just one dimen sional training. Integrated training produced much greater levels of culture adaptation. Along with other academics they again mention that both the selection and training processes must include the family of the expatriate. As well as this the culture adaptation training should be given to the expatriates family. As observed in the first half of this essay, it was shown that it was vital that not only the expatriate manager themselves, but also their family was happy as both had an effect on morale and performance. Corporate HR teams should have a clear direction to also hire a work fore who are internationally comfortable and experience too. Thus these would prove to be effective expatriate managers as they are relatively used to the process and overcoming the challenges they would face (Mendenhall and Oddou.1985). Conclusion    In conclusion as many academics have identified there are serious problems with the way many corporations select and manage expatriate managers and their assignments. Many problems stem from the initial selection stage which is seen to be very lax and informal from many different businesses. These initial mistakes in the selection process mainly centre around focusing purely on technical competencies within managers for expatriate selection, and this has been proven to not be the most successful of indicators for success in international assignments of this manner. This is because it fails to take into account other factors which make a person more likely to be successful. This can include personality traits such as adaptability and how resilient they are. It also neglects the domestic and family situation of different managers, and indeed many HR teams have said that they do not even take this into consideration or treat it as important at all. Academics have also suggested solutions to these problems in the way of recruitment processes and training processes which would be incredibly useful for businesss to implement with their selection and training for expatriates. These vary from personality tests to assess the traits that people have and if these would be conducive to being successful as an expatriate manager abroad, to a variety of assessment centre styles testing out people in different scenarios and if they were the type of person likely to succeed. As well as this it would be recommended that companies look at the family of potential expatriate managers to see if these were also likely to be happy once moving abroad as this has a visible and proven impact on the morale of expatriate managers. Training also needs to be more effective and focus on broader issues as opposed to just technical competency and understanding company systems fully, but to train expatriate managers culturally as well. Overall the key problem s are predominantly to do with the selection processes of corporations. They need to improve by taking a wider range of issues into consideration and not just a one dimensional view of if it works in our country it will work in another culturally different county approach. But they need to consider the softer side of managers, such as their characteristics and family lives, this is something business leaders could learn from academics. Bibliography Anderson, B.A.(2005).   Expatriate selection: good management or good luck? The international journal of human resource management. 16:4 567-583. Aycan. Z. (1997) Expatriate adjustment as a multifaceted phenomenon: individual and organizational level predictors, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 8:4, 434-456, Baker, J. C., Ivancevich, J. M. (1971). The assignment of American executives abroad; Systematic, haphazard, or chaotic? California Management Review, 13:3, 39-41. Birdseye M, Hill J. (1995). Individual, Organizational/Work and Environmental Influences on Expatriate Turnover Tendencies: An Empirical Study. Journal of International Business Studies, 26:4, 787-813 Black, J. S. (1988). ‘Work role transitions: a study of American expatriate managers in Japan’. Journal of international Business Studies, 30:2,119-34 Brewster, C. (1988) Managing Expatriates, International Journal of Manpower, 9:2. 17–20. Brewster, C. (1991). The Management of Expatriates, London: Kogan Page. Brewster, C. and Scullion, H. (1997), A review and agenda for expatriate HRM. Human Resource Management Journal. 7. 32–41 Enderwick, P. and Hodgson, D. (1993) ‘Expatriate Management Practices of New Zealand Business’, International Journal of Human Resource Management, 4:2. 407–23. Gudykunst, W. B., Hammer, M. R., Wiseman, R. L. (1977). An analysis of an integrated approach to cross-cultural training. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 1, 99-110. Guptara, P. (1986) ‘Searching the Organisation for the Cross-cultural Operators’, International Management, 41(8): 40–2 Halcrow, A. (1999) ‘Expats: The Squandered Resource’, Workforce, 78(4): 42–8. Ioannou, L. (1995) ‘Unnatural Selection’, International Business, July: 54–7. Klaus, K.J. (1995) ‘How to Establish an Effective Expatriate Program – Best Practices in International Assignment Administration’, Employment Relations Today, 22:1. 59–70. Mendenhall, M. and Oddou, G. (1985) ‘The Dimensions of Expatriate Acculturation: A Review’, The Academy of Management Review, 10 (January): 39–47. Mendenhall, M.E., Dunbar, E. and Oddou, G.R. (1987) ‘Expatriate Selection, Training and Career Pathing: A Review and Critique’, Human Resource Management, 26:3). 331–45 Nicholson, J.D., Stepina, L.P., Hochwarter, W. (1990). Psychological aspects of expatriate effectiveness. In B.B. Shaw, J.E. Beck, G.R. Ferris, K.M. Rowlans (Eds.), Research in personnel and human resources management, supplement 2, 127–145. Porter G. and Tansky J. (1999) Expatriate success may depend on a learning orientation: Considerations for selection and training. Human Resource Management. Spring. 47-59 Tung, R. L. (1981) Selection and training of personnel for overseas assignments. Columbia Journal of World Business,   16:1, 68-78 Tung, R.L. (1982). Selection and training procedures of U.S., European, and Japanese multinationals. California Management Review, 25, 117–126 Zeira, Y. and Banai, M. (1984). ‘Present and desired methods of selecting expatriate managers   for international assignments‘. Personnel Review, 13:3, 29-35.

Aristotle on the Mixed Form of Government in Sparta

Aristotle on the Mixed Form of Government in Sparta Aristotle, in  On the Lacedaemonian Constitution- a section of  The Politics- says that some claim Spartas system of government included monarchical, oligarchic and democratic components. The Lacedaemonian [Spartan] constitution is defective in another point; I mean the Ephoralty. This magistracy has authority in the highest matters, but the Ephors are chosen from the whole people, and so the office is apt to fall into the hands of very poor men, who, being badly off, are open to bribes.- Aristotle Monarchical In the monarchical system two kings- hereditary monarchs, one from each of the Agiad and Eurypontid families- had priestly obligations and the power to make war (although by the time of the Persian Wars, the kings power to make war was restricted). Oligarchic The kings were automatic members of the Gerousia, the council of 28 elders picked for life plus the two kings. Five ephors, chosen annually by popular election, had the main power. Democratic The final component was the assembly, made up of all Spartiates- full Spartan citizens- over 18. Aristotle on the Poor In the quoted passage on the government of Sparta, Aristotle disapproves of government run by poor people. He thinks they would take bribes. This is striking for two reasons: that he would think the rich were not susceptible to bribes, and that he approves of government by the elite, something people in modern democracies tend to disapprove. Why would such a well-educated, brilliant thinker believe there was a difference between the rich and poor? Sources Chronology of Early SpartaAncient History SourcebookThe Ephors of Sparta  Herodotus on the Kings of Sparta C 430 BCEThe Kings of SpartaPeriegesis Hellados IIIThe Spartan SystemThomas Martin OverviewXenophon: Constitution of the Lacedaemonians 13.1ff and  Ã‚  8.3

Qs)I assume, for one thing, that there is a broad measure of agreement Essay

Qs)I assume, for one thing, that there is a broad measure of agreement that principles of justice should be chosen under certain conditions. (Rawls) Is it a f - Essay Example One of such greatly influential political philosophers of the twentieth century was John Rawls, who is thought by many to be the most important political philosopher of his time in the whole English-speaking world. More specifically, Rawls, influenced by such liberal and legal theorists as Isaiah Berlin and Herbert L. A. Hart, is widely known as the author of the almost revolutionary work "A Theory of Justice" (1971) in which he erased disciplinary lines and elaborated views which resurrected the academic interest to political philosophy. In fact, Rawls obtained the unique position among modern political philosophers as he is often referred to by politicians and in the courts. One of the main achievements of Rawls was his formulation of the two famous principles of justice as a proper solution of problems of distributive justice, which is preoccupied with determination of justice in the field of the allocation of goods and benefits within a society (Talisse, 2001, pp.3-22). However, there is a criticism of the approach of Rawls which, among other things, claims that Rawls cannot prove all the assumptions on which he builds his theory of justice. Let us take a closer look at the Rawls` principles of justice, and try to see whether the mentioned objection to Rawls constitutes a fatal one for his theory of justice. The main task of Rawls` "A Theory of Justice" was to offer a satisfying interpretation of the notion of political obligation under which citizens are compelled to follow the rules created by the state. While views of Rawls can be generally attributed to the rich social contract tradition, for him such a contract assumes a peculiar form as Rawls states that the social contract can be truly just if every member of society would agree with its terms without knowing beforehand which social position he or she would adopt. To prove his case, Rawls starts off his line of reasoning with mounting of a hypothetical case with which he attempts to show a possible

How I Learnt How to Navigate the Cyber Space Essay

How I Learnt How to Navigate the Cyber Space - Essay Example Plainly speaking the experience would be unforgettable, defining, and somewhat perplexing. This paper explores my first steps on a journey through the cyberspace. Introduction Having read and heard a lot about the internet and cyber space, and obsessed over the concept for what seemed like my whole life, I had a few things in mind I was more than anxious to try. My initial approach was an intricate mixture of curiosity, anxiety, and bewilderment. I was keen to find out if some of the things I had read about cyber space were true. To be specific, I had even come up with a list of a few things of my own with which to challenge the ingenuity of the outspoken technological phenomenon. However, I was inwardly unsettled over how the new virtual world would appear to me. Precisely, I was keen to find out whether cyber space would it be a passive unexciting computing experience. My greatest wonder was whether the web, arguably one of the best inventions of the century, would be an infinitely complex and unfathomable mass of data and material that would be utterly intolerant to my inexperience, and numbing to my bristling curiosity? Technology has always been my greatest source of marvel and intrigue for as long as I can remember. All things I found amazing about human accomplishments with regard to innovation were beginning to gather around technology and later and by extension computing. While some things would seem normal on computers and their many applications, for instance, do calculations at unimaginable speeds, some elements were especially influential to my curiosity and interest in computers. Particularly appearing improbable was the claims that it could do a multiplicity of activity including communicating with other computers with people all over the world in virtually no time. Even to a person fairly read on technology, particularly computing, this was simply extraordinary: I knew that computers had a myriad of abilities, which were beyond some of our wilde st perceptions on what is possible through human endeavour. I knew that computers could control complex systems, that computing knowledge had been critical in man’s first conquest of the moon in the outer space, could store mammoth amounts of data, do apparently complex and time-consuming manual activities at blinding speeds, and replace common technological innovations such as typewriters, and video output devices with unmatched effectiveness (Rajashekar, 22). At the time, it was only possible to read materials about the internet and the web in physical libraries. Therefore, metaphorically, I consider my first web experience occurred before I ever typed my first word on a browser search tab. What I found out about cyber space was more than I was hoping to unfold, and quite honestly, quite sobering. The moment I typed in a dictionary vocabulary, a popular name in computing, and the president’s name, my reality materialized from a haze of eccentric veneer and supressed doubts. I was sure of one thing, I was going to be part of this community, intellectually, and in many other ways a kid my age could imagine, I felt I belonged, and had means to let my imaginations run wild with a few keystrokes. The internet at the time was painfully and insufferably slow by today’

The Internet Destructive Or Developmental Force Media Essay

The Internet Destructive Or Developmental Force Media Essay Today, we have access to the most remarkable modes of communications. The Internet is one such mode that functions as a powerful and compelling technology. With the advent of the Internet, more people are educated. We turn to the Internet to communicate ideas and learn about current events; the information is literally at our fingertips. The online world may be reshaping our brains and affecting our critical thinking process. Critical thinking is defined as the capacity to reflect, reason, and draw conclusions based on our experiences, knowledge, and insights (Taylor). The Internet is a tool that is built on the capabilities of the people who are using it. Thus, the Internet is developing societys ability to think clearly and rationally, as more and more people are communicating ideas, understanding connections, and evaluating arguments. The access to the information is advancing society. Ever since our origins of the cave, new technology has resulted in panic. We must accept that an y major technological advancements will result in social and cognitive changes. The influence of the Internet will continue rising and our new abilities cannot be put back in the box (Bavelier et all). Thus, harnessing and understanding the benefits of the Internet is important to the development of society. By channeling learning and communication around the world, the Internet poses beneficial impacts on educational and social aspects of society. Since the Internet allows instant and uncontrollable transmission of information, many scholars and critics claim that the Internet is a destructive force that is dumbing us down. Our world is strongly influenced by digital media. With the rising influence of the Internet, the news industry is pressured to constantly produce news. Therefore, some claim that the Internet is leading to false reporting. In addition, critics claim that false rumors spread through social networking sites, including Twitter and Facebook. However, the aforementioned claims are not legitimate enough to undermine the positive impacts of the Internet. Although experts in this field, such as Nicholas Carr, argue that access to technology is making our generation less intelligent, we must take into account the changing, fast-paced world that we live in. Psychologists argue that around 1900, there was a similar fashion for hysterical warnings of nervous disorders and the weakening of the brain supposedly triggere d by technological advances (Schmundt). As a result, the first intelligence test was developed in 1905. The current methods of the academe must adapt to modern technological innovation, such as the Internet because there is no turning back; the Internet is developing new ways of thinking and interacting. Current practices of our educational institutionsand workplacesare a mismatch between the age we live in and the institutions we have built over the last 100-plus years (Davidson). We must start to think differently about human capacity and intelligence. It is important to take into the account that as with food, the effects of technology will depend on what type of technology is consumed, how much and for how long (Bavelier et all). The internet is helpful, but like any form of technology, excessive use of it creates reliance and dependency that prevents us from improving ourselves. Everyday, a countless number of people throughout the world benefit from using the Internet, whether for work or pleasure. The positive impacts of the Internet overpower the negative effects. The Internet is a developmental force in society that provides us a means to communicate, entertain, and collaborate with people all around the world. The Internet is a driving force in creating a new idea of intelligence. Using a search engine, we can type in our search query and the search engine delivers relevant information within seconds.Web browsing also requires additional types of mental processing evaluating hyperlinks to make navigational decisions and filtering photos, videos and menus (Bavelier et all). While using these resources on the Internet, we activate more areas of our brain than we do while reading text (Bavelier et all). In files that contain tremendous amounts of content, the Internet allows us to focus and analyze the bits of information for their usefulness and relevance. The more pieces of information we can access and the faster we can extract their gist, the more productive we become as thinkers. Historians and scientists suggest that technology does not change the brains fundamental abilities (Bavelier et all). In fact, psychologists explain that technological developments have not changed the foundati ons of brain structure and organization. In other words, the advent of the Internet has not resulted in new brain structures. However, the Internet does affect the connections in the human mind by manipulating the flexible cognitive behavior of the brain. The brains [are] learning, benefiting from practice and experience (Bavelier et all). Childrens immediate environment determines the kind of attention that they develop (Taylor). A global trend that is widely recognized is that IQ levels are rising. From one generation to the next, children are performing better on IQ tests (Schmundt). The Internet is transforming culture and creating new knowledge. In addition, it fosters creative opportunities for individuals and collaborating groups. For example, Wikipedia serves as a source of creativity and knowledge that bridges the gap between experts in particular fields and ordinary individuals. The Internet puts us in touch with limitless resources across the world, providing us with fres h perspectives. The new technologies stimulate children to thrive on their imaginations and ideas. The Internet is not making us dumber. To say the least, it is leading us to imagine a new concept of intelligence. The importance of the Internet in education is undeniable. Access to the Internet allows for deeper understanding and greater knowledge of a subject. Thinking is plastic and adapts to the environment (Schmundt). The Internet is not creating a less intelligent generation; the generations are just learning in new ways, as they are constantly being exposed to technological resources, such as the Internet. Sociologists refer to those who identify the Internet as a serious societal worry and source of addiction as moral panics (Szalavitz). Young people are simply adapting to a world that is faster-paced and influenced by the online world and digital media. The fact that students use the Internet as their main source of information demonstrates that the way students think, learn, and process information is changing (Hall). Children today live in one of the most distracting, and at the same time, stimulating environments yet, constantly being exposed to new technologies. They should not be penalized for finding new technology more interesting than what is taught in the classrooms. In order to provide todays generation with the skills to contribute to society, we must reflect on the changing face of corporate America, which calls for educational practices to be revolutionized. The Internet is revolutionizing education. Encyclopedia Britannica, the worlds encyclopedia, serves as a source of free, accessible information. Documents are searchable online, instead of looking up table of contents or indexes in books. Research that once required days in the stacks or periodical rooms of libraries can now be done in minutes (Carr). The Internet serves as an effective, useful, accessible storage of information. The plethora of educational resources, available with the click of a button, allow students to immerse themselves in knowledge. The Web has unlocked the keys to a worldwide virtual school, potentially leveling the playing field for students around the world (Myers). We m ust incorporate different types of technological resources, such as the Internet, into the curriculum for it is not wise, nor beneficial to use systems and standards from the past as a basis for the future, with regards to education. The Internet is a source of education that is changing and developing the academe in order to make it all-encompassing and on par with todays society, economic aspects, and cultural standards of society. Universities and corporate America consists, largely, of digital natives (Hall). In other words, young people are being raised in a society that is inundated by the immediate access to vast amounts of information on the Internet. The increasing use of the Internet has led to educational concerns, focusing on the danger of brains being shaped differently. However, a study demonstrated that the online world is actually conducive to learning and communicating idea effectively. Through the use of new technologies, students network their learning in remarkable ways, such as creating learning applications for their iPods. The current methods of the academe are not beneficial to all children; we must start to think differently about human capacity: the idea that smart people are academically successful is feeding the production line mentality of society. Standardized testing and streamline education is not taking advantage of potential geniuses. Instead, these public education techniques ar e impeding the development of amazing divergent thinkers. Incorporating the Internet and other technological resources into the curriculum will help todays children be on par with the heightening standards and technological demands of society. A professor teaching a class based on learning and the Internet assigned students a term paper and a blog response. He found that the students online responses were better than the ideas in their papers. Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies show that Internet searches activate a larger network of brain areas than does simple text reading (Bavelier et all). Encouraging thinking and collaborating online was demonstrated to maximize brain activity. While some argue that Internet dumbs people down, the blogs did not contain the jargon, stilted diction, poor word choice, and rambling thoughts that the traditional papers exhibited (Davidson). On the contrary, the blogs depicted less plagiarism and more concrete, genuine responses. Clearly, the Internet allows students to express their ideas elegantly, unpretentiously, and effectively. In order to prevent personal similarities from interfering with the cultivation of innovations, online chats, blogging, and teleconferencing are critical to an institutions success. Groups of people, including professors and students, can actively collaborate via multiple channels, fostering more dynamic team interaction. Blogging websites, online discussion forums, and social networking sites are rising platforms for expression and communication. Through social networking sites, the Internet helps bring people together in vast numbers and provides a conduit for expression. Educational systems have been quite constant over the years, hardly adapting to new, modern times. However, recently, professors and students have began using social networking sites to collaborate, reinforce, and teach curriculum. Blogs provide channels for people to communicate ideas and evaluate arguments. Analysis and response to world events allow people to share their their opinions and thoughts, often leading to debate. In addition, social networking sites allow people who share mutual goals to create clubs and organizations. In order to prevent personal similarities from interfering with the cultivation of innovations, online chats and teleconferencing are critical to an organizations success. Sociologists, who study the so cial forces, such as the Internet, that structure society and influence behavior claim that the shifting culture calls for technology and the Internet to play an increasingly essential role in society (Albison). Critics should analyze sociological factors, such as the fast-paced world that we live in before deeming the Internet a destructive or developmental force. Politics could be described as the study of the exercise of power. The Internet and social has led to empowerment and civic participation. To say the least, individuals and groups are empowered in an era of digital media. The new tools of social media have reinvented social activism (Gladwell). Social media is creating a new style of revolution, where the traditional relationship between political authority and popular will has been upended, making it easier for the powerless to collaborate, coordinate, and give voice to their concerns (Gladwell). Although critics argue that bloggers may replace traditional news organizations, bloggers do not possess the skills required for investigative reporting (Rogers). The free flow of information and ideas, which the Internet allows, is necessary for progressive societies. At the same time, the Internet allows us to connect with people throughout the world. For those who are suppressed, the Internet presents means to circumvent government restr ictions. In fact, the 2009 Moldova revolution was called the Twitter Revolution because of the crucial role of Twitter in organizing the groups. Blogs allow people to openly share their perspectives and respond to others views on conflicts, whether it be gun violence in America or tension in the Middle East. Movements originating on Facebook or Twitter may often lead to people making a difference in society. By channeling communication around the world, the Internet serves as a developmental force, as it poses beneficial impacts on educational and social aspects of society. The Internet has been able to open so many different channels of information that are accessible to us, as a populus. This benefit definitely outweighs the potential harm that people think it could cause. Online platforms of expression and communication, such as blogs, allow people to openly share their perspectives and receive responses from others. This results in people analyzing their perspectives and thought process. Groups of people, including professors and students, can actively collaborate via multiple channels, fostering more dynamic team interaction. The online world is bridging the gap that once existed between experts and ordinary individuals. More people are able to achieve deeper understanding and greater knowledge of a subject, with access to the Internet. While analyzing sources on the Internet for th eir validity and relevance to the topic or issue at hand, we use more regions of our brain than we do while reading text. The current methods of the academe and workplace must change in response to major technological advances, such as the Internet, for digital natives are entering universities and corporate America. The Internet allows for unified communities and shared knowledge, which without we as a society would not have achieved technological and sociological advancements present today. We should harness and develop the new concept of intelligence in order to advance society, for the advantages that the Internet poses on our world definitely outweigh the disadvantages.

Dragon Multinational

Select a major Dragon Multinational. Describe the company’s features that are consistent with Mathew’s Dragon MNC theory and any that are not consistent. Analyse the factors that led the corporation to be successful. Prepare a three year Global Development Strategy for the corporation, taking into account the current business environment. Chosen Company: The Hong Leong Group with specific focus on City Developments Limited. The primary features that define a Dragon Multinational Corporation in their simplest form are large Multinational Enterprise’s that stem from the Asia-Pacific region that have ‘successfully internationalized and in some cases become a leading firm in its sector’ (Mathews). The Singapore based Hong Leong Group fits this classification almost seamlessly as with its many offshoots it is worth an estimated $30 billion boasting highly successful projects within property, finance, hospitality and trade and industry (hongleong. com. sg). Unlike many of the companies Mathew’s makes reference to in his theory the Hong Leong Group was not instantly a global success, in fact it was started in 1948 by Kwek Hong Png as a modest shop dealing in construction materials. Later on in the 1960’s the group moved into Finance for small local firms and a small amount of property investment. In the 1970’s The Hong Leong Group obtained a dominant stake in its most well known venture ‘City Developments Limited’ which was then a mere 8 employee’s and slowly expanded into commercial development. It was in the late 1980’s under the control of Kwek Hong Pngs son and future Executive Chairman Kwek Leng Beng that the company made its move into the hotel industry. This is where we witness what Mathews refers to as the â€Å"Gestalt Switch† from domestic to global competitor. The Hong Leong Group is what Mathews classes as a ‘Second Wave MNE’. These corporations are characterised by using ‘pull factors that draw firms into global connections rather than push factors that drove firms as stand alone players in the first wave’. A classic ‘Gerschenkronian Latecomer’ The Hong Leong Group unsuspectedly enhanced their portfolio through acquisitions and joint ventures namely the obtaining of a controlling interest in City Development Limited before embarking on what the group call a ‘strategic diversification strategy’ leading to the purchase of a hotel which thrust the group onto the world stage and was soon followed by rapid expansion and regionalisation. In Mathews theory there are 3 principal characteristics of a ‘latecomer’ these are accelerated internationalization, organisational innovation and strategic innovation. Accelerated Internationalization Internationalization is ‘defined as a process of cross-border operations when a business firm headquatered in one country controls and influences the strategic decision making of atleast one affiliate in another country’ (Yeung). Latecomers progess by making use of existing international connections in Hong Leongs case they used mergers and takeovers in a process known as horizontal integration. They linked with CDL and used the leverage of their financial sector to fund the hotel investments allowing the group to create their hospitality arm the London listed subsidiary Millenium and Copthorne Hotels plc which now operates over 120 hotels in 18 countries. M&C also signed a global strategic marketing alliance with Maritim Hotels which added another 49 hotels to the portfolio not inclusive of the eight management contracts announced that are to take place between 2009-2011. This clearly shows the rapid expansion that is so characteristic of a Dragon Multinational. Organizational Innovation Mathews highlights that Dragon Multinationals from an organizational perspective ‘dispensed with conventional â€Å"international division† as they had a global perspective from the get go. This is true of Hong Leong Asia which is the trade and industry branch of the group. The roots of the Hong Leong Group from its inception were in the concrete industry and although slightly overshadowed by the property and finance sectors in past years Hong Leong Asia was successfully growing in the background. The group has companies such as diesel engines companies, packaging companies and building materials companies that have merged via acquisition of stake holdings to create one single major manufacturing and distribution enterprise. This cluster of businesses that are hugely successful evolve in their individual specialities growing the company as a whole into one of the biggest integrated trade and industry groups in Asia. Strategic Innovation Frequently mentioned in Mathews Theory is the idea of latecomers taking advantage of an already well established global network, tapping into this via alliances and mergers. This is the innovative strategy that is displayed brilliantly by the Hong Leong Group as both CDL and Hong Leong Asia used this method to propel them through the initial stages of internationalization straight to being globally expansive. City Developments Limited linked with London’s Millennium & Copthorne and New Zealand’s Kingsgate and the Philippines Grand Plaza and know own and operate hotels in 18 countries and are currently expanding to The United Arab Emirates. Similarly Hong Leong Asia after acquiring several companies within Asia to become one of the biggest manufacturing companies in Singapore has linked with several subsidies on both the New York and Amsterdam Stock Exchange. This is a prime example of how pioneering latecomer MNE’s from the periphery use linkage and leverage to take advantage of vast existing global networking. Factors influencing success of the group – OLI vs LLL Within Mathew’s theory one of the main factors that influences whether a company can be classified as a Dragon Multinational is whether it fits Dunnings OLI framework or whether it is better suited to the adapted LLL framework. The original ‘ownership, location and internalization’ structure best describes the traditional MNE as it reaches global status by overcoming market malfunction with superior resource bases and overlooks the methods that form the basis of many modern MNE’s global success such as innovation and joint ventures etc. With acquisitions and joint ventures being the primary strategy of the Hong Leong Group their global expansion is definitely more in keeping with Mathew’s proposed ‘linkage, leverage, learning’ framework that picks up where the OLI framework left off, based on the international expansion of Dragon MNC’s.

Assessment and the Counseling Process - 1204 Words

Assessment is a household name in the field of counselling. It has long been considered an important aspect of the counselling process. Assessment and counselling are almost the same. Assessment helps counsellors identify the nature of client’s concerns and also highlights possible treatment (Mnkandla 2000). In addition it helps clients gain insight into their problems and identify alternative solutions. Assessment devices are administered in a consistent manner to a wide variety of people to aid the counsellors. These devices are in a form of standardised tests. Whilst standardised tests are an important tool in counseling they have their merits and demerits. Assessment according to Hoghughi (1992:4) in Assessment Methods in Counselling by Makore-Rukuni, is â€Å"continuous process of identifying problems and determining what should be done about them†. Standardised tests are assessment instruments designed by people with specialized training in test construction, given to everyone under the same conditions. (Kasayira Gwasira 2005). Standardised testing originated from China in 300BC where candidates for Chinese Imperial Services had to take competitive examinations which covered the six arts which include music, horsemanship and arithmetic writing. In the 1930’s and 1940’s assessment and counselling was synonymous with one another (Hood Johnson 2007). Counsellors are advised to make use of standardized tests after they get training on how to apply them. TheShow MoreRelatedApplying Assessment Results to Clients During the Counseling Process1124 Words   |  5 PagesApplying assessment results to client is essential is assisting individuals who may be coping with stressful situations. 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Establishing rapport is the foundation for the change process to begin. Sommers-Flanagan and Sommers-Flanagan (2007) assert that traditional counseling techniques are ineffective for working with children and adolescents, and a multicultural therapy approach increases the likelihood of engaging them in therapeutic relationships. Adolescents are a subculture and require a person-centeredRead MoreLegal And Ethical Issues Of The National Career Development Association1105 Words   |  5 Pagesdilemmas that must be addressed immediately, multiculturally, and in accordance to ethical codes. The National Career Development Association (NCDA) Code of Ethics (2015) section A.1.b. identifies the distinction of counseling services provided between care er planning and career counseling. Being a biracial single mother with major health issues as well as a full time job are Naomi’s leading environmental factors that may prove to be her biggest challenge in assessing her overall ability to make a career

The Threat Of Cyber Attacks - 943 Words

Cyber-attacks are constantly becoming a critical issue for government systems and for businesses around the world. In fact, the cyber challenges that we see today play a huge political factor for government sectors. The U.S is constantly facing these cyber security threats that jeopardize America’s critical infrastructure and the freedoms that many Americans express online (Bucci, S., Rosenzweig, P., Inserra, D. 2013). These challenges that are taking a political factor can also be seen in other countries as well and governments need to cooperate together to mitigate these challenges. In addition, cybersecurity challenges can also play a social factor as well for the world. With the increasing amount of devices connecting to the internet, cyber criminals are able to cause massive harm to users around the world. In fact, â€Å"21% of internet users have had an email or social networking account compromised or taken over by someone else without permission† (Ranine, L., K iesler, S., Kang, R., Madden, M. 2013). It is important for people to cooperate with each other by being more aware and enforce good security practices when they are on the web. There is also one more cybersecurity challenge that plays an economical factor in today’s world. In fact, the average total cost of a data breach increased by 23% with a total of $3.93 million (Ponemon, L. 2015). It is important to have a global cooperation about these cyber challenges so that we can address these challenges in a smartShow MoreRelatedCyber Threats And Cyber Attacks Essay946 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to the U.S. Department of Homeland Security in the article Cyber Threats to Mobile Phones, phones are now sharing hardware and software similar to a PC and becoming each time more like a PC. 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During this attack, government sites were hijacked and some sites suffered a denial of service attack. Most recently, it was suspected that Bank of America was the victim of a cyber terrorism attack; although no definitive evidence is available to substantiate that claim.   Cyber terror attacks pose a threat against the national security of the United States. In order to fully comprehend the threat that cyber terrorism poses, it is essential to understand theRead MoreInformation Is A Source Of Power In International Relations.967 Words   |  4 Pagesany state places enough importance on a resource of power, that resource becomes a target. 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