The Internet Destructive Or Developmental Force Media Essay

The Internet Destructive Or Developmental Force Media Essay Today, we have access to the most remarkable modes of communications. The Internet is one such mode that functions as a powerful and compelling technology. With the advent of the Internet, more people are educated. We turn to the Internet to communicate ideas and learn about current events; the information is literally at our fingertips. The online world may be reshaping our brains and affecting our critical thinking process. Critical thinking is defined as the capacity to reflect, reason, and draw conclusions based on our experiences, knowledge, and insights (Taylor). The Internet is a tool that is built on the capabilities of the people who are using it. Thus, the Internet is developing societys ability to think clearly and rationally, as more and more people are communicating ideas, understanding connections, and evaluating arguments. The access to the information is advancing society. Ever since our origins of the cave, new technology has resulted in panic. We must accept that an y major technological advancements will result in social and cognitive changes. The influence of the Internet will continue rising and our new abilities cannot be put back in the box (Bavelier et all). Thus, harnessing and understanding the benefits of the Internet is important to the development of society. By channeling learning and communication around the world, the Internet poses beneficial impacts on educational and social aspects of society. Since the Internet allows instant and uncontrollable transmission of information, many scholars and critics claim that the Internet is a destructive force that is dumbing us down. Our world is strongly influenced by digital media. With the rising influence of the Internet, the news industry is pressured to constantly produce news. Therefore, some claim that the Internet is leading to false reporting. In addition, critics claim that false rumors spread through social networking sites, including Twitter and Facebook. However, the aforementioned claims are not legitimate enough to undermine the positive impacts of the Internet. Although experts in this field, such as Nicholas Carr, argue that access to technology is making our generation less intelligent, we must take into account the changing, fast-paced world that we live in. Psychologists argue that around 1900, there was a similar fashion for hysterical warnings of nervous disorders and the weakening of the brain supposedly triggere d by technological advances (Schmundt). As a result, the first intelligence test was developed in 1905. The current methods of the academe must adapt to modern technological innovation, such as the Internet because there is no turning back; the Internet is developing new ways of thinking and interacting. Current practices of our educational institutionsand workplacesare a mismatch between the age we live in and the institutions we have built over the last 100-plus years (Davidson). We must start to think differently about human capacity and intelligence. It is important to take into the account that as with food, the effects of technology will depend on what type of technology is consumed, how much and for how long (Bavelier et all). The internet is helpful, but like any form of technology, excessive use of it creates reliance and dependency that prevents us from improving ourselves. Everyday, a countless number of people throughout the world benefit from using the Internet, whether for work or pleasure. The positive impacts of the Internet overpower the negative effects. The Internet is a developmental force in society that provides us a means to communicate, entertain, and collaborate with people all around the world. The Internet is a driving force in creating a new idea of intelligence. Using a search engine, we can type in our search query and the search engine delivers relevant information within seconds.Web browsing also requires additional types of mental processing evaluating hyperlinks to make navigational decisions and filtering photos, videos and menus (Bavelier et all). While using these resources on the Internet, we activate more areas of our brain than we do while reading text (Bavelier et all). In files that contain tremendous amounts of content, the Internet allows us to focus and analyze the bits of information for their usefulness and relevance. The more pieces of information we can access and the faster we can extract their gist, the more productive we become as thinkers. Historians and scientists suggest that technology does not change the brains fundamental abilities (Bavelier et all). In fact, psychologists explain that technological developments have not changed the foundati ons of brain structure and organization. In other words, the advent of the Internet has not resulted in new brain structures. However, the Internet does affect the connections in the human mind by manipulating the flexible cognitive behavior of the brain. The brains [are] learning, benefiting from practice and experience (Bavelier et all). Childrens immediate environment determines the kind of attention that they develop (Taylor). A global trend that is widely recognized is that IQ levels are rising. From one generation to the next, children are performing better on IQ tests (Schmundt). The Internet is transforming culture and creating new knowledge. In addition, it fosters creative opportunities for individuals and collaborating groups. For example, Wikipedia serves as a source of creativity and knowledge that bridges the gap between experts in particular fields and ordinary individuals. The Internet puts us in touch with limitless resources across the world, providing us with fres h perspectives. The new technologies stimulate children to thrive on their imaginations and ideas. The Internet is not making us dumber. To say the least, it is leading us to imagine a new concept of intelligence. The importance of the Internet in education is undeniable. Access to the Internet allows for deeper understanding and greater knowledge of a subject. Thinking is plastic and adapts to the environment (Schmundt). The Internet is not creating a less intelligent generation; the generations are just learning in new ways, as they are constantly being exposed to technological resources, such as the Internet. Sociologists refer to those who identify the Internet as a serious societal worry and source of addiction as moral panics (Szalavitz). Young people are simply adapting to a world that is faster-paced and influenced by the online world and digital media. The fact that students use the Internet as their main source of information demonstrates that the way students think, learn, and process information is changing (Hall). Children today live in one of the most distracting, and at the same time, stimulating environments yet, constantly being exposed to new technologies. They should not be penalized for finding new technology more interesting than what is taught in the classrooms. In order to provide todays generation with the skills to contribute to society, we must reflect on the changing face of corporate America, which calls for educational practices to be revolutionized. The Internet is revolutionizing education. Encyclopedia Britannica, the worlds encyclopedia, serves as a source of free, accessible information. Documents are searchable online, instead of looking up table of contents or indexes in books. Research that once required days in the stacks or periodical rooms of libraries can now be done in minutes (Carr). The Internet serves as an effective, useful, accessible storage of information. The plethora of educational resources, available with the click of a button, allow students to immerse themselves in knowledge. The Web has unlocked the keys to a worldwide virtual school, potentially leveling the playing field for students around the world (Myers). We m ust incorporate different types of technological resources, such as the Internet, into the curriculum for it is not wise, nor beneficial to use systems and standards from the past as a basis for the future, with regards to education. The Internet is a source of education that is changing and developing the academe in order to make it all-encompassing and on par with todays society, economic aspects, and cultural standards of society. Universities and corporate America consists, largely, of digital natives (Hall). In other words, young people are being raised in a society that is inundated by the immediate access to vast amounts of information on the Internet. The increasing use of the Internet has led to educational concerns, focusing on the danger of brains being shaped differently. However, a study demonstrated that the online world is actually conducive to learning and communicating idea effectively. Through the use of new technologies, students network their learning in remarkable ways, such as creating learning applications for their iPods. The current methods of the academe are not beneficial to all children; we must start to think differently about human capacity: the idea that smart people are academically successful is feeding the production line mentality of society. Standardized testing and streamline education is not taking advantage of potential geniuses. Instead, these public education techniques ar e impeding the development of amazing divergent thinkers. Incorporating the Internet and other technological resources into the curriculum will help todays children be on par with the heightening standards and technological demands of society. A professor teaching a class based on learning and the Internet assigned students a term paper and a blog response. He found that the students online responses were better than the ideas in their papers. Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies show that Internet searches activate a larger network of brain areas than does simple text reading (Bavelier et all). Encouraging thinking and collaborating online was demonstrated to maximize brain activity. While some argue that Internet dumbs people down, the blogs did not contain the jargon, stilted diction, poor word choice, and rambling thoughts that the traditional papers exhibited (Davidson). On the contrary, the blogs depicted less plagiarism and more concrete, genuine responses. Clearly, the Internet allows students to express their ideas elegantly, unpretentiously, and effectively. In order to prevent personal similarities from interfering with the cultivation of innovations, online chats, blogging, and teleconferencing are critical to an institutions success. Groups of people, including professors and students, can actively collaborate via multiple channels, fostering more dynamic team interaction. Blogging websites, online discussion forums, and social networking sites are rising platforms for expression and communication. Through social networking sites, the Internet helps bring people together in vast numbers and provides a conduit for expression. Educational systems have been quite constant over the years, hardly adapting to new, modern times. However, recently, professors and students have began using social networking sites to collaborate, reinforce, and teach curriculum. Blogs provide channels for people to communicate ideas and evaluate arguments. Analysis and response to world events allow people to share their their opinions and thoughts, often leading to debate. In addition, social networking sites allow people who share mutual goals to create clubs and organizations. In order to prevent personal similarities from interfering with the cultivation of innovations, online chats and teleconferencing are critical to an organizations success. Sociologists, who study the so cial forces, such as the Internet, that structure society and influence behavior claim that the shifting culture calls for technology and the Internet to play an increasingly essential role in society (Albison). Critics should analyze sociological factors, such as the fast-paced world that we live in before deeming the Internet a destructive or developmental force. Politics could be described as the study of the exercise of power. The Internet and social has led to empowerment and civic participation. To say the least, individuals and groups are empowered in an era of digital media. The new tools of social media have reinvented social activism (Gladwell). Social media is creating a new style of revolution, where the traditional relationship between political authority and popular will has been upended, making it easier for the powerless to collaborate, coordinate, and give voice to their concerns (Gladwell). Although critics argue that bloggers may replace traditional news organizations, bloggers do not possess the skills required for investigative reporting (Rogers). The free flow of information and ideas, which the Internet allows, is necessary for progressive societies. At the same time, the Internet allows us to connect with people throughout the world. For those who are suppressed, the Internet presents means to circumvent government restr ictions. In fact, the 2009 Moldova revolution was called the Twitter Revolution because of the crucial role of Twitter in organizing the groups. Blogs allow people to openly share their perspectives and respond to others views on conflicts, whether it be gun violence in America or tension in the Middle East. Movements originating on Facebook or Twitter may often lead to people making a difference in society. By channeling communication around the world, the Internet serves as a developmental force, as it poses beneficial impacts on educational and social aspects of society. The Internet has been able to open so many different channels of information that are accessible to us, as a populus. This benefit definitely outweighs the potential harm that people think it could cause. Online platforms of expression and communication, such as blogs, allow people to openly share their perspectives and receive responses from others. This results in people analyzing their perspectives and thought process. Groups of people, including professors and students, can actively collaborate via multiple channels, fostering more dynamic team interaction. The online world is bridging the gap that once existed between experts and ordinary individuals. More people are able to achieve deeper understanding and greater knowledge of a subject, with access to the Internet. While analyzing sources on the Internet for th eir validity and relevance to the topic or issue at hand, we use more regions of our brain than we do while reading text. The current methods of the academe and workplace must change in response to major technological advances, such as the Internet, for digital natives are entering universities and corporate America. The Internet allows for unified communities and shared knowledge, which without we as a society would not have achieved technological and sociological advancements present today. We should harness and develop the new concept of intelligence in order to advance society, for the advantages that the Internet poses on our world definitely outweigh the disadvantages.

Dragon Multinational

Select a major Dragon Multinational. Describe the company’s features that are consistent with Mathew’s Dragon MNC theory and any that are not consistent. Analyse the factors that led the corporation to be successful. Prepare a three year Global Development Strategy for the corporation, taking into account the current business environment. Chosen Company: The Hong Leong Group with specific focus on City Developments Limited. The primary features that define a Dragon Multinational Corporation in their simplest form are large Multinational Enterprise’s that stem from the Asia-Pacific region that have ‘successfully internationalized and in some cases become a leading firm in its sector’ (Mathews). The Singapore based Hong Leong Group fits this classification almost seamlessly as with its many offshoots it is worth an estimated $30 billion boasting highly successful projects within property, finance, hospitality and trade and industry (hongleong. com. sg). Unlike many of the companies Mathew’s makes reference to in his theory the Hong Leong Group was not instantly a global success, in fact it was started in 1948 by Kwek Hong Png as a modest shop dealing in construction materials. Later on in the 1960’s the group moved into Finance for small local firms and a small amount of property investment. In the 1970’s The Hong Leong Group obtained a dominant stake in its most well known venture ‘City Developments Limited’ which was then a mere 8 employee’s and slowly expanded into commercial development. It was in the late 1980’s under the control of Kwek Hong Pngs son and future Executive Chairman Kwek Leng Beng that the company made its move into the hotel industry. This is where we witness what Mathews refers to as the â€Å"Gestalt Switch† from domestic to global competitor. The Hong Leong Group is what Mathews classes as a ‘Second Wave MNE’. These corporations are characterised by using ‘pull factors that draw firms into global connections rather than push factors that drove firms as stand alone players in the first wave’. A classic ‘Gerschenkronian Latecomer’ The Hong Leong Group unsuspectedly enhanced their portfolio through acquisitions and joint ventures namely the obtaining of a controlling interest in City Development Limited before embarking on what the group call a ‘strategic diversification strategy’ leading to the purchase of a hotel which thrust the group onto the world stage and was soon followed by rapid expansion and regionalisation. In Mathews theory there are 3 principal characteristics of a ‘latecomer’ these are accelerated internationalization, organisational innovation and strategic innovation. Accelerated Internationalization Internationalization is ‘defined as a process of cross-border operations when a business firm headquatered in one country controls and influences the strategic decision making of atleast one affiliate in another country’ (Yeung). Latecomers progess by making use of existing international connections in Hong Leongs case they used mergers and takeovers in a process known as horizontal integration. They linked with CDL and used the leverage of their financial sector to fund the hotel investments allowing the group to create their hospitality arm the London listed subsidiary Millenium and Copthorne Hotels plc which now operates over 120 hotels in 18 countries. M&C also signed a global strategic marketing alliance with Maritim Hotels which added another 49 hotels to the portfolio not inclusive of the eight management contracts announced that are to take place between 2009-2011. This clearly shows the rapid expansion that is so characteristic of a Dragon Multinational. Organizational Innovation Mathews highlights that Dragon Multinationals from an organizational perspective ‘dispensed with conventional â€Å"international division† as they had a global perspective from the get go. This is true of Hong Leong Asia which is the trade and industry branch of the group. The roots of the Hong Leong Group from its inception were in the concrete industry and although slightly overshadowed by the property and finance sectors in past years Hong Leong Asia was successfully growing in the background. The group has companies such as diesel engines companies, packaging companies and building materials companies that have merged via acquisition of stake holdings to create one single major manufacturing and distribution enterprise. This cluster of businesses that are hugely successful evolve in their individual specialities growing the company as a whole into one of the biggest integrated trade and industry groups in Asia. Strategic Innovation Frequently mentioned in Mathews Theory is the idea of latecomers taking advantage of an already well established global network, tapping into this via alliances and mergers. This is the innovative strategy that is displayed brilliantly by the Hong Leong Group as both CDL and Hong Leong Asia used this method to propel them through the initial stages of internationalization straight to being globally expansive. City Developments Limited linked with London’s Millennium & Copthorne and New Zealand’s Kingsgate and the Philippines Grand Plaza and know own and operate hotels in 18 countries and are currently expanding to The United Arab Emirates. Similarly Hong Leong Asia after acquiring several companies within Asia to become one of the biggest manufacturing companies in Singapore has linked with several subsidies on both the New York and Amsterdam Stock Exchange. This is a prime example of how pioneering latecomer MNE’s from the periphery use linkage and leverage to take advantage of vast existing global networking. Factors influencing success of the group – OLI vs LLL Within Mathew’s theory one of the main factors that influences whether a company can be classified as a Dragon Multinational is whether it fits Dunnings OLI framework or whether it is better suited to the adapted LLL framework. The original ‘ownership, location and internalization’ structure best describes the traditional MNE as it reaches global status by overcoming market malfunction with superior resource bases and overlooks the methods that form the basis of many modern MNE’s global success such as innovation and joint ventures etc. With acquisitions and joint ventures being the primary strategy of the Hong Leong Group their global expansion is definitely more in keeping with Mathew’s proposed ‘linkage, leverage, learning’ framework that picks up where the OLI framework left off, based on the international expansion of Dragon MNC’s.

Assessment and the Counseling Process - 1204 Words

Assessment is a household name in the field of counselling. It has long been considered an important aspect of the counselling process. Assessment and counselling are almost the same. Assessment helps counsellors identify the nature of client’s concerns and also highlights possible treatment (Mnkandla 2000). In addition it helps clients gain insight into their problems and identify alternative solutions. Assessment devices are administered in a consistent manner to a wide variety of people to aid the counsellors. These devices are in a form of standardised tests. Whilst standardised tests are an important tool in counseling they have their merits and demerits. Assessment according to Hoghughi (1992:4) in Assessment Methods in Counselling by Makore-Rukuni, is â€Å"continuous process of identifying problems and determining what should be done about them†. Standardised tests are assessment instruments designed by people with specialized training in test construction, given to everyone under the same conditions. (Kasayira Gwasira 2005). Standardised testing originated from China in 300BC where candidates for Chinese Imperial Services had to take competitive examinations which covered the six arts which include music, horsemanship and arithmetic writing. In the 1930’s and 1940’s assessment and counselling was synonymous with one another (Hood Johnson 2007). Counsellors are advised to make use of standardized tests after they get training on how to apply them. TheShow MoreRelatedApplying Assessment Results to Clients During the Counseling Process1124 Words   |  5 PagesApplying assessment results to client is essential is assisting individuals who may be coping with stressful situations. 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The Threat Of Cyber Attacks - 943 Words

Cyber-attacks are constantly becoming a critical issue for government systems and for businesses around the world. In fact, the cyber challenges that we see today play a huge political factor for government sectors. The U.S is constantly facing these cyber security threats that jeopardize America’s critical infrastructure and the freedoms that many Americans express online (Bucci, S., Rosenzweig, P., Inserra, D. 2013). These challenges that are taking a political factor can also be seen in other countries as well and governments need to cooperate together to mitigate these challenges. In addition, cybersecurity challenges can also play a social factor as well for the world. With the increasing amount of devices connecting to the internet, cyber criminals are able to cause massive harm to users around the world. In fact, â€Å"21% of internet users have had an email or social networking account compromised or taken over by someone else without permission† (Ranine, L., K iesler, S., Kang, R., Madden, M. 2013). It is important for people to cooperate with each other by being more aware and enforce good security practices when they are on the web. There is also one more cybersecurity challenge that plays an economical factor in today’s world. In fact, the average total cost of a data breach increased by 23% with a total of $3.93 million (Ponemon, L. 2015). It is important to have a global cooperation about these cyber challenges so that we can address these challenges in a smartShow MoreRelatedCyber Threats And Cyber Attacks Essay946 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to the U.S. Department of Homeland Security in the article Cyber Threats to Mobile Phones, phones are now sharing hardware and software similar to a PC and becoming each time more like a PC. 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Nonverbal Verbal And Verbal Language - 1776 Words

Nonverbal and Verbal Language is Powerful When a friend says hi to you and waves his hand, would you think that you are being welcomed? Or, when a friend says goodbye without looking at you, would you think you are being neglected? Everyday, we interact with different people to exchange our ideas, and we share our thoughts through communication. However, people do not recognize that our communication is divided into nonverbal language and verbal language, and this paper demonstrates the concept of kinesics and the concept of haptics from the nonverbal communication and the concept of slang and the concept of powerful and powerless language from the verbal communication through a television show â€Å"The Real O Neal, The Real Heartbreak†,†¦show more content†¦By hitting the floor and yelling out, it allows receivers to easily understand her meaning. We can also compare the difference effect between using kinesics and not using kinesics in another scenario. I suppose t here is a district attorney in a court trial to press charges against a defendant who commits a third degree of murder, and the lawyer has to prove to the members of the jury that the defendant is a cruel murder. When he illustrates the incident of the crime, he uses a sharp pen to stab on the table in front of the jury while he speaks about how the murder uses a sharp knife to stab on the victim until the victim is bled to death. Using a sharp pen to stab on the table is kinesics, and the demonstration strengthens the district attorney’s ideas and it helps the jury to better understand the crime. On the defendant side, the defendant’s lawyer defends the murder by telling the jury that stabbing the victim is an unintentional action because the defendant slips and loses his balance. When the defendant’s lawyer does cross examination, he only verbally presents the story. This weakens his argument because the jury does not see any illustration to support his claim. 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The study of nonverbal communication is very important, especially in cross-cultural background, maybe we couldn’t understand the language a foreignerRead MoreThe Role Of Non Verbal Communication On Intercultural Communication1411 W ords   |  6 Pagesintercultural communication has become more ligual and more significant than ever before (Wang, 2007). As an international language, English has played an prominent role in making the communication easy between two people with different cultural backgrounds. As a result, the EFL education has concluded the communicative sufficiency as one of the important goals of English as Foreign Language teaching. It seems that intercultural communication will be a successful, as long as the speaker has achieved highRead MoreThe Principles of Communication1557 Words   |  6 Pagesclassified to two types, verbal and non-verbal. 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Students from different levels and cultures love to hang out with each other thus using different nonverbal communication which may buildRead MoreEffective Communication Is Vital for Sucees in Professional, Corporate, and Academic Environments579 Words   |  3 Pagescommunication found to be most effective are verbal communication and non-verbal communication. Verbal communication is the procedure of articulating instructions or interpretations by word of mouth. As human beings we use this type of communication frequently, in a variety of settings, under different circumstances each and every day. Verbal communication is particularly important in workplace, and is the simplest, most understandable form of communication. However, verbal communication is not successful unlessRead MoreVerbal Communication And Nonverbal Communication1235 Words   |  5 Pagestypes’ verbal communication and nonverbal communication. 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Speech contains nonverbal elements known as paralanguage, including voice quality, rate, pitch, volume, and speaking style, as well as prosodic features such as rhythmRead More Non-verbal Communication Essay890 Words   |  4 Pagesphone or in person. There will always be some interaction between two or more people. This interaction will bring about many thought process and emotions that will give the receiver a cue to respond with verbal and nonverbal messages. `â€Å"Every time one person interacts with another non-verbal communication takes place, it `may be intentional or unintentional, but it is part of the rapid stream of communication that passes between two interacting individual† (Gabbott Hogg, 2001). The responsesRead MoreCommunication through Gestures and Facial Expressions Essay1337 Words   |  6 PagesExpressions Nonverbal communication can be defined as the transfer of messages without the use of words. It uses physical movement; such as hand gestures and body language, and also facial expressions; for example, eye contact, frowning, and smiling. Marta Dynel defines nonverbal (NVC) communication as: While in broad definitions NVC includes any kind of non-verbal messages (or non-verbal signs) proper to informative processes, more narrow definitions restrict it to non-language (or better non-linguistic)Read MoreThe Psychological Study Of Non Verbal Communication1447 Words   |  6 PagesPsychological Study of Non-Verbal Communication Jonathan D. Benton Columbia College of Missouri Student References used will be listed throughout the paper as well as listed at the end. Abstract In this paper we will be discussing the ideas involved with non-verbal communication as it pertains to the human species and also how it is perceived by others or completely over looked. We will discuss how non-verbal communication has changed throughout history. The study of Non-verbal communication has

Issai 30 †Code of Ethics Free Essays

ISSAI 30 The International Standards of Supreme Audit Institutions, ISSAI, are issued by the International Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions, INTOSAI. For more information visit www. issai. We will write a custom essay sample on Issai 30 – Code of Ethics or any similar topic only for you Order Now org INTOSAI Code of Ethics I NT OS AI P r ofe ss i o n a l S t an d ar ds Co m mi t te e PSC-Secretariat Rigsrevisionen †¢ Landgreven 4 †¢ P. O. Box 9009 †¢ 1022 Copenhagen K †¢ Denmark Tel. :+45 3392 8400 †¢ Fax:+45 3311 0415 †¢E-mail: info@rigsrevisionen. dk INTOSAI EXPERIENTIA MUTUA OMNIBUS PRODEST EXPERIENTIA MUTUA OMNIBUS PRODEST INTOSAI General Secretariat – RECHNUNGSHOF (Austrian Court of Audit) DAMPFSCHIFFSTRASSE 2 A-1033 VIENNA AUSTRIA Tel. ++43 (1) 711 71 †¢ Fax: ++43 (1) 718 09 69 E-MAIL: intosai@rechnungshof. gv. at; WORLD WIDE WEB: http://www. intosai. org Table of Contents Chapter 1 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4 Chapter 2 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 5 Integrity †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 5 Chapter 3 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Independence, Objectivity and Impartiality †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5 Chapter 4 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6 Professional Secrecy †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 6 Chapter 5 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6 Competence †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6 Glossary †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 7 3 Chapter 1 Introduction Concept, Background and Purpose of the Code of Ethics . INTOSAI has deemed it essential to establish an interna tional Code of Ethics for auditors in the public sector. 2. A Code of Ethics is a comprehensive statement of the values and principles which should guide the daily work of auditors. The independence, powers and responsibilities of the public sector auditor place high ethical demands on the SAI and the staff they employ or engage for audit work. A code of ethics for auditors in the public sector should consider the ethical requirements of civil servants in general and the particular requirements of auditors, including the latter’s professional obligations. . With the Lima Declaration of Guidelines on Auditing Precepts 1 as its foundation, the INTOSAI Code of Ethics should be seen as a necessary complement, reinforcing the INTOSAI Auditing Standards issued by the INTOSAI Auditing Standards Committee in June 1992. 4. The INTOSAI Code of Ethics is directed at the individual auditor, the head of the SAI, executive officers and all individuals working for or on behalf of the SAI wh o are involved in audit work. However, the Code should not be interpreted as having any impact on the organisational structure of the SAI. Due to national differences of culture, language, and legal and social systems, it is the responsibility of each SAI to develop its own Code of Ethics which best fits its own environment. Preferably these national Codes of Ethics should clarify the ethical concepts. The INTOSAI Code of Ethics is intended to constitute a foundation for the national Codes of Ethics. Each SAI has the responsibility to ensure that all its auditors acquaint themselves with the values and principles contained in the national Code of Ethics and act accordingly. . The conduct of auditors should be beyond reproach at all times and in all circumstances. Any deficiency in their professional conduct or any improper conduct in their personal life places the integrity of auditors, the SAI that they represent, and the quality and validity of their audit work in an unfavourable light, and may raise doubts about the reliability and competence of the SAI itself. The adoption and application of a code of ethics for aud itors in the public sector promotes trust and confidence in the auditors and their work. . It is of fundamental importance that the SAI is looked upon with trust, confidence and credibility. The auditor promotes this by adopting and applying the ethical requirements of the concepts embodied in the key words Integrity, Independence and Objectivity, Confidentiality and Competence. Trust, Confidence and Credibility 7. The legislative and/or executive authority, the general public and the audited entities are entitled to expect the SAI’s conduct and approach to be above suspicion and reproach and worthy of respect and trust. 8. Auditors should conduct themselves in a manner which promotes co-operation and good relations between auditors and within the profession. The support of the profession by its members and their co-operation with one another are essential elements of professional character. The public confidence and respect which an auditor enjoys is largely the result of the cumulative accomplishments of all auditors, past and present. It is therefore in the interest of auditors, as well as that of the general public, that the auditor deals with fellow auditors in a fair and balanced way. . The legislative and/or executive authority, the general public and the audited entities should be fully assured of the fairness and impartiality of all the SAI’s work. It is therefore essential that there is a national Code of Ethics or similar document which governs the provision of the services. 1 From the IXth Congress of INTOSAI, meeting in Lima. Can be obtained from the INTOSAI General Secretariat in Au stria. 4 10. In all parts of society there is a need for credibility. It is therefore essential that the reports and opinions of the SAI are considered to be thoroughly accurate and reliable by knowledgeable third parties. 11. All work performed by the SAI must stand the test of legislative and/or executive scrutiny, public judgements on propriety, and examination against a national Code of Ethics. Chapter 2 Integrity 12. Integrity is the core value of a Code of Ethics. Auditors have a duty to adhere to high standards of behaviour (e. g. honesty and candidness) in the course of their work and in their relationships with the staff of audited entities. In order to sustain public confidence, the conduct of auditors should be above suspicion and reproach. 13. Integrity can be measured in terms of what is right and just. Integrity requires auditors to observe both the form and the spirit of auditing and ethical standards. Integrity also requires auditors to observe the principles of independence and objectivity, maintain irreproachable standards of professional conduct, make decisions with the public interest in mind, and apply absolute honesty in carrying out their work and in handling the resources of the SAI. Chapter 3 Independence, Objectivity and Impartiality 14. Independence from the audited entity and other outside interest groups is indispensable for auditors. This implies that auditors should behave in a way that increases, or in no way diminishes, their independence. 15. Auditors should strive not only to be independent of audited entities and other interested groups, but also to be objective in dealing with the issues and topics under review. 16. It is essential that auditors are independent and impartial, not only in fact but also in appearance. 17. In all matters relating to the audit work, the independence of auditors should not be impaired by personal or external interests. Independence may be impaired, for example, by external pressure or influence on auditors; prejudices held by auditors about individuals, audited entities, projects or programmes; recent previous employment with the audited entity; or personal or financial dealings which might cause conflicts of loyalties or of interests. Auditors have an obligation to refrain from becoming involved in all matters in which they have a vested interest. 8. There is a need for objectivity and impartiality in all work conducted by auditors, particularly in their reports, which should be accurate and objective. Conclusions in opinions and reports should, therefore, be based exclusively on evidence obtained and assembled in accordance with the SAI’s auditing standards. 19. Auditors should make use of information brought forward by the audited entity and other parties. This information is to be taken into account in the opinions expressed by the auditors in an impartial way. The auditor should also gather information about the views of the audited entity and other parties. However, the auditors’ own conclusions should not be affected by such views. Political neutrality 20. It is important to maintain both the actual and perceived political neutrality of the SAI. Therefore, it is important that auditors maintain their independence from political influence in order to discharge their audit responsibilities in an impartial way. This is relevant for auditors since SAIs work closely with the legislative authorities, the executive or other government entity empowered by law to consider the SAI’s reports. 21. It is important that where auditors undertake, or consider undertaking, political activities they bear in mind the impact which such involvement might have – or be seen to have – on their ability to discharge their professional 5 duties impartially. If auditors are permitted to participate in political activities they have to be aware that these activities may lead to professional conflicts. Conflicts of interest 2. When auditors are permitted to provide advice or services other than audit to an audited entity, care should be taken that these services do not lead to a conflict of interest. In particular, auditors should ensure that such advice or services do not include management responsibilities or powers, which must remain firmly with the management of the audited entity. 23. Audito rs should protect their independence and avoid any possible conflict of interest by refusing gifts or gratuities which could influence or be perceived as influencing their independence and integrity. 4. Auditors should avoid all relationships with managers and staff in the audited entity and other parties which may influence, compromise or threaten the ability of auditors to act and be seen to be acting independently. 25. Auditors should not use their official position for private purposes and should avoid relationships which involve the risk of corruption or which may raise doubts about their objectivity and independence. 26. Auditors should not use information received in the performance of their duties as a means f securing personal benefit for themselves or for others. Neither should they divulge information which would provide unfair or unreasonable advantage to other individuals or organisations, nor should they use such information as a means for harming others. Chapter 4 Pro fessional Secrecy 27. Auditors should not disclose information obtained in the auditing process to third parties, either orally or in writing, except for the purposes of meeting the SAI’s statutory or other identified responsibilities as part of the SAI’s normal procedures or in accordance with relevant laws. Chapter 5 Competence 28. Auditors have a duty to conduct themselves in a professional manner at all times and to apply high professional standards in carrying out their work to enable them to perform their duties competently and with impartiality. 29. Auditors must not undertake work they are not competent to perform. 30. Auditors should know and follow applicable auditing, accounting, and financial management standards, policies, procedures and practices. Likewise, they must possess a good understanding of the constitutional, legal and institutional principles and standards governing the operations of the audited entity. Professional Development 31. Auditors should exercise due professional care in conducting and supervising the audit and in preparing related reports. 32. Auditors should use methods and practices of the highest possible quality in their audits. In the conduct of the audit and the issue of reports, auditors have a duty to adhere to basic postulates and generally accepted auditing standards. 6 How to cite Issai 30 – Code of Ethics, Papers

1960’s Diary Entries Witness To The Assassination of Malcolm X Essay Sample free essay sample

Malcolm X was a Muslim that became one of the greatest work forces that influential African Americans. One afternoon. on February 21. 1965 Malcolm X loss his life by the State of Islam. The inquiries environing the decease of this puzzling and fearless adult male still problem us. The Files of Malcolm X. reveals The Smoke Guns in the FBI studies. which was dated for February 22. 1965. the files declares that Malcolm X had 10 gun shootings perforating to the thorax. his thigh and mortise joint. besides there were 4 slugs pleats into his thorax and thigh. When his necropsy was done. they found 1 gun being noticed as a millimetre bullet. 1 – 45 quality bullets. with legion shotgun shootings. that were all about and about in his organic structure. torn through the bosom of Malcolm X. I will state that Malcolm X was a really courageous and stand up type of cat that did a batch to do inkinesss experience more connected to African American heritage. We will write a custom essay sample on 1960’s Diary Entries Witness To The Assassination of Malcolm X Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He stood up for African Americans and spoke out words and things that they were excessively afraid to state. He educated them on how to stand up for themselves and their rights as how to transport themselves as black work forces. He was so astonishing that no 1 would hold thought that a troubled immature black male child would turn out to be as powerful and educated as a leader. When Malcolm X was immature. he was a immature adult male that was troubled. and weave up making prison clip. He educated himself during his ten old ages while being incarcerated. He was introduced to the Islam and begins learning. When functioning a few bends in prison. he became a curate in the State of Islam of several topographic point of worship in Philadelphia. New York and Boston. Soon he created newspaper called â€Å"Muhammad Speaks† that rivaled in combative mentalities about the great thoughts that African Americans remained greater than of all time. He were the following adult male in powe r next to Muhammad. which they had a few quarrels. so winded up dividing themselves. Elijah Muhammad kept the thoughts that he had of his ain of State of Islam and Malcolm X stayed dedicated to the truth The State of Islam that had been instilled in him. Malcolm X didn’t like for the inkinesss to implore during that clip. He felt that the inkinesss were frequently pleading to the Whites for them to be free. which X did non like. He as an alternate bucked up black power and black consciousness even if it caused aggression. Malcolm X had more than a few addresss that were really celebrated. every bit good as â€Å"Black Man’s History† . â€Å"The Black Revolution† . in add-on to â€Å"God’s Judgment of White America† which was besides called â€Å"The Chickens Come Home to Roost† . The State of Islam was where he spoke all of the addresss. during the clip that he were reassigning to true Islam. where he presented â€Å"The Ballot or the Bullet† . Later during his conversion to True Islam. he did his address in the Ford Auditorium. which was known as one of his great 1s.